Month: July 2021

WORLD INTHAVAARAM, 2021-31

About: the world this week, 25 July 2021 to 31 July 2021; stories of unrest, of change, and the thrilling Olympic Games testing our skills and resilience in various dimensions.

Everywhere

It started with the former South African President, Jacob Zuma pleading ‘not guilty’ to various kinds of corruption and fraud charges, during the period he was Deputy President, and President as well. He refused to appear before a Commission investigating the charges and questioned the integrity of the country’s top judges, accusing them of political bias against him. He was then arrested for contempt of court.

The arrest sparked unrest and protests leading to frenzied looting, arson, riots, and catastrophic violence – one of the worst and never before seen in South Africa, since the advent of democracy in 1994. The past weeks have been engulfed in ruthless anarchy, with the Police struggling to control the situation. Some blamed the poverty situation of the people, others said it was orchestrated, having an element of undermining the State, the Rule of Law – an Insurrection. Adding fuel to fire, racial fault lines became awfully exposed, while the mayhem ‘speared ahead’ in South Africa.

The positive outcome was that communities ended up coalescing together to protect themselves – with their spears sharpened and ready to use. And I’m confident that normalcy will return, in the coming weeks.

In India, a Mechanical Engineer who once worked for the iconic Tata Group was chosen to become Chief Minister (CM) of the State of Karnataka. This, after an old indefatigable war-horse made way for him after ‘wearing himself thin’, bringing his Party to rule the State. Basavaraj Bommai appears to be a ‘picture’ perfect choice and took oath as CM on 28 July 2021. His father, S R Bommai, too was once the CM of the State. He may thank the stars, but it’s also time to thank Dad – more real.

Meanwhile, in North-Eastern India, two States, Assam and Mizoram came to blows over their hazy looking borders killing six Police personnel in the process, and injuring many others. I wonder how people can descend to such a border level. India is one huge country, the State Boundary lines are for administrative convenience and can be drawn tight, can’t they? Why not declare such disputed territory as belonging to the Government of India and allow equal visiting rights to the fighting States?

Mizoram was carved out of the State of Assam, first as a Union Territory in 1972 and then as a full-fledged State in 1987. Could it not be handled on friendlier terms? After all, the States are not different countries. And trespassers can always be warned to mind ‘some’ line. But shooting to kill is unacceptable.

Olympics, Tokyo 2020

India was off to a quick medal-winning start on Day 1 of the Olympics, lifting the Silver Medal in the 49 kilogram (kg) Women’s Weightlifting Category. Mirabhai Chanu from the State of Manipur, heaved a total weight of 202 kg, to be placed second. The gold in the event was won by China’s Hou Zhihui, with a combined weight total of 210 kg.

Mirabhai picked a total of 87 kg in the Snatch part of the event and ended with a lift of 115 kg in Clean & Jerk (totalling 202 kg). She is the second Indian weightlifter, after Karnam Malleswari, to win an Olympic medal.

The win may be attributed to her ‘Olympic Earrings’ which she wore brightly. It was a gift from her mother who had lifted her to this stage, from ‘carrying-the-firewood-days’! The story goes that when she was 12 years old, she helped her brother carry firewood, which they had gathered from the forest: she did it so easily, that it was noticed as unusual for a woman, and someone said she must get into weightlifting. Ever since, her mother ensured she trained hard to become the one who lifted the weights!

The Govt of India had arranged a training stint for her, in the United States, ahead of the Olympics, and this was one of the main reasons for her weighty performance.

This time it was tears of joy, five years after the 2016 Olympics when she left the same platform in tears of sorrow following a disastrous debut. That’s heavy work done. Way to go, Mirabhai Chanu.

While a new hero was ‘biting’ her Silver Medal, a boxing legend of India, Mary Kom, 38, gave her absolute best before going down to the reigning Olympic Bronze medalist, Columbia’s Ingrit Valencia, by a split verdict 2-3 in the second round of the 51 kg category. Mary Kom was at her sporting high when she welcomed the decision with a smile and hugged her opponent. Mary’s story will ring for years to come.

With the USA, China, Japan, and other large countries leading the medals tally, tiny Bermuda, with a population of about 63,000 sneaked-in with its 33 years old Flora Duffy decisively winning the triathlon, securing a historic gold for her country – the smallest country to win gold in the Olympics. Tokyo 2020 is Duffy’s fourth Olympics.

A triathlon is an endurance multi-sport race consisting of swimming, cycling, and running over various distances. Triathletes compete for fastest overall completion time, racing each segment sequentially, with the time transitioning between the disciplines included.

Duffy battled a near career-ending injury, anaemia and depression to reach Tokyo 2020. She did not finish her race at the 2008 Olympics in Beijing after crashing her bike, and even quit the sport for a short time. Her preparations for Tokyo were hampered by a foot injury that prevented her from competing for a year.

Duffy was coached by her husband, South African triathlete Dan Hugo, who was there to see it all happen. And she gave him the medal!

Condoms come in handy and can be ingeniously useful-depending on the user. And women seem to be discovering better ways of putting them to work than men. Ask Australian Slalom Canoeist Jessica Fox, 27, who recently won a bronze and a gold medal at the Tokyo Olympics – and she has a condom to thank for it. Earlier this week – before Fox won her first Olympic gold medal in the women’s C1 Canoe Slalom and bronze in the Canoe Slalom K1 final – she was filmed fixing her kayak with a condom. A video shared by the athlete shows her carefully sliding the condom over the front of her kayak after applying a carbon mixture to the area – to secure it. We learn something new every day! Condoms can be an inspiration.

She is called GOAT (Greatest Of All Time): US Gymnast Simone Biles, 24 years old, withdrew from the Gymnastics Event, saying, “I have to focus on my mental health.” After scoring 13.766 – her lowest Olympic vault score – Biles left the arena, but returned to support and cheer her team-mates as they took the silver medal.

Biles is a 30-time Olympic and World Championship medallist, and needed four podium finishes in Tokyo 2020 to become the most decorated gymnast – male or female – in history.

Sportspersons across the spectrum praised her decision for prioritising mental wellness over everything else. It was a courageous decision given that Simone Biles has reached all five individual finals in the Tokyo Olympics.

We live with ‘that thing between our ears’ and we need to give it the respect it deserves. Sometimes stepping back for a while may actually be a great leap forward.

Please Yourself

After months of COVID-19 lockdown induced strangulating travel restrictions, I took a drive to the small Town of Tiruchengode near Salem, Tamil Nadu, for checking out a new Fabric Supplier. And to get back into the groove, as they would call it.

Tiruchengode is famous for the ancient hill-top Ardhanareeswarar (man-woman) Temple, mentioned in one of the five Great Tamil Epics, Silappadikaram, as Neduvelkunru. Ardhanareeswarar is a manifestation of one of the Hindu Trinity Gods, Lord Shiva, representing the unity of Shiva and his consort, Parvati. The equally famous Chenkottu Velavar Temple, dedicated to Lord Murugan (son of Lord Shiva), is situated on the same hill.

Tiruchengode is also home to the Rig (bore well digging) Business and Truck Body Builders, which is a thriving business – blessed from the hill above.

With the Gods watching over me from their Rocky residence, I took the road from Ariyanur, going through Attayampatti, Mallasamudram to Tiruchengode. On the way I stopped by at Attayampatti to grab the famous ‘murukku’ ( a rice flour fried snack wearing a twisted shape)- bought a ton – and cracked upon it, through the drive.

There is also the famous Kalipatti Temple, on this route, which is run by a classmate of mine from Boarding School. He is the high priest of the Temple, owned by his family, for generations. He succeeded his ‘also high priest’ father who used to come over to the School, in Yercaud, driving a Fiat Car with an Apache-feathered head on the bonnet. I guess, Apaches are closer to the Gods-they talk to Him in mysterious ways.

The two-lane route was verdant, having some of the best stately trees growing on either side, forming a natural umbrella. And the undulating profile of the hilly area probably kept the roads naturally clean. The Mahendra Educational Institutions are planted on the sides, beyond the trees, and it seems an ideal location for learning and study, with the stillness of the nearby hills and the quietness of the neighbourhood permeating the soul.

On reaching Tiruchengode, I was stunned to see well-laid, clear roads, marvellous shops and business establishments, and the Paramathi Vellore Road even had a wide pavement (a rarity in these parts) on one side looking like a movie set. I almost expected an Actress to jump out dancing and singing, and grab a pole. The place I was visiting was a large mansion on one of the by-streets and the location was a delightful place to be in. The Owner besides showing us Fabric (and her 11 years old precocious kid) also showed-off a great roof-garden with plants hanging out their stems and leaves, banana, pomegranate, lime, and orange ‘trees’ crowded the terrace.

It was near about five years since my last visit and I must give credit to the previous Government, that ruled Tamil Nadu for the past ten years, for the stupendous development. They have done a fabulous job. It speaks on its own. And I caught the story, didn’t I?

On the return, after lots of munching, my stock of murukkus was down by a few kilograms and I chose to replenish it on my next drive, which I must make. I’m sure the Gods will approve.

More road and ‘murukku’ stories coming up in the weeks ahead. Stay flexible and keep pace with the Olympics.

WORLD INTHAVAARAM, 2021-30

About: the world this week, 18th July to 24th July 2021. Floods of water, fish, spying, flying into Space; Faster, Higher, Stronger.

Everywhere

A ‘Deluge of Floods’

Over the years we have heard of innumerable Weather Satellites launched by various countries, to endlessly circle the Earth and send back tons of data, from up above the clouds, that enable us make humble weather forecasts and foresee potential natural disasters.

It is over 60 years since the first Weather Satellite, TIROS-1 (Television Infra Red Observational Satellite), was launched by the United States’, NASA, and surely mankind has made great leaps of faith – breaking into the clouds and beyond – in predicting the weather, using Satellites, among other things. But, now I wonder if all of this is actually working. Or am I missing something? Have the Weather Satellites become Aliens of a kind?

Over the past weeks, Europe – especially Germany and Belgium – has been devastated by unprecedented flash floods generated by torrential rains. Rivers, in turn, receiving the copious run-offs, became dissatisfied with the fixed deposits and bursted their Banks sending the water dashing into precious Homes. This is being touted as Germany’s worst natural disaster in more than half a century. Over 140 people died. Particularly hard hit were the German States of Rhineland Palatinate and North Rhine-Westphalia, and Eastern Belgium. Around 700 residents were evacuated after a dam broke in the Town of Wassenberg, near Cologne.

On the other side of the World, parts of the United States have also felt the wetness of water. On 19th July, flash flooding occurred in Birmingham and the surrounding Jefferson County, Alabama, following heavy rains, disrupting otherwise dry lives. Cars could not become boats and people lost their legs, below the knees, to the water.

Jumping to Asia, on 21st July torrential rain pounded the Central Chinese province of Henan, bursting the banks of major rivers and flooding the streets of a dozen cities, including Zhengzhou. The sudden flooding inundated and trapped people in shopping malls, schools and even subway trains, leaving locals in a perilous situation. The region has seen the heaviest rain since record-keeping began 60 years ago. Zhengzhou experienced the equivalent of a year’s average rainfall in just 3 days!

In early July, a landslide hit the popular resort of Atami, in Central Japan: a torrent of black-mud crashed through the city. Several houses were swept away by the mudslide, which followed torrential rain. Atami has had more rainfall in the first three days of July than it usually sees in the whole month!

As communities devastated by the catastrophic flooding swam out and started drying themselves, they are wondering how it all went so wrong, so fast. Europe, for example, has a world-leading warning system that issued regular alerts for days before floods engulfed entire villages. The Copernicus Emergency Management Service sent more than 25 warnings, for specific regions, of the Rhine and Maas river basins in the days leading up to the flooding, through its European Flood Awareness System (EFAS), well before heavy rains triggered the flash flooding.

But few of these early warnings appear to have been passed on to residents early and clearly enough, catching them completely off-guard. Now questions are being raised over whether the chain of communication from the Central European level to regions is working. This is one example, in a modern developed country loaded with fabulous surveillance systems.

If we keep our heads above the water and look up to The Netherlands, just across its borders with Germany’s and Belgium’s flood-devastated areas, the picture is entirely different. The Netherlands too experienced extreme rainfall, maybe not be quite as heavy as in Germany and Belgium. And it has not escaped unscathed. But its towns are not entirely submerged and not a single person has died. Officials were better prepared and were able to communicate with people quickly.

The Netherlands’ water strength lies largely in its organisation. The country’s infrastructure is managed by a Branch of the Government devoted solely to water, the Directorate General for Public Works and Water Management, which looks after some 1,500 km of man-made defenses. And they are doing a damn good job of it.

Moving closer to home, in several States of India, Maharashtra, Telangana, Karnataka – to name a few – the story is about the same, with the rains battering cities, towns and villages and sending people scurrying to elevated dry land.

In one of the smaller Towns, in the State of Telangana, the nearby River, tired of sleeping on its bed, got up and started running on the streets. In a revenge mode, the people descended and flooded the streets armed with nothing but fishing nets: many caught giant fish, in the Indian Stream, that could put ‘The Old Man and the Sea’ to shame-of the Gulf Stream. Who said The Planet of the Apes is up ahead? Welcome to The Planet of the Fish!

Even while we are sinking in the floods there are several parts of the World, say, Western North America and Canada, being fried by a flood of heat waves. These places boiled this week in all-time high temperatures that have caused dozens of deaths.

Hold on… we have been flooded with stories of such breaking of records, frequently these days: worst ever, first time in a century, never-before seen, goes on…and of course that dreaded word, ’Climate Change’ and its good friend, ‘Global Warming’ as being the ubiquitous villain responsible for all of this.

We need to think beyond hurting each other with guns and nuclear weapons and instead build weapons against nature to prevent and avoid the mass destructions we are witnessing. With a gun in my hand, can I shoot down a wave, a flood, a hurricane? Are we up to the task of being responsible and making meaningful change? Only the ‘rise of the water levels’ will tell?

How about getting a Noah’s Ark ready! Ship ourselves to another Planet?

Snooping

Pegasus, in Greek mythology, is a divine winged horse, an offspring of the Olympian God Poseidon, usually depicted as pure white in colour. It is a mysterious creature capable of everything symbolizing the divine inspiration or the journey to heaven: in modern times it has been regarded as a symbol of poetic inspiration.

Leave alone being a poetic, I am inspired by the ‘mysterious aspect’.

In the real world, Pegasus is a spyware developed by Israeli cyber-arms firm NSO that can be covertly installed on mobile phones running on iOS and Android.

The NSO (named after Niv, Shalev, Omri – The founders) Group develops best-in-class technology to help government Agencies detect and prevent terrorism and crime.

Simply put, Pegasus hacks computers and smartphones, in order to gather data and serve it to a third party. It is malicious because it gathers such data without the consent or the knowledge of the person owing the device.

Once installed, the Pegasus spyware can turn the Android or iOS phones into surveillance devices. The earliest version of the hacking software Pegasus would infect phones through text messages or emails containing a malicious link that the target would click on. However, the technology has grown more discreet and dangerous since then. And now, Pegasus could infect a phone without any user interaction or with ‘zero-click’ – vulnerabilities, flaws and bugs in a phone’s operating system – that the phone’s manufacturer is unaware of, or has been unable to fix.

India was rocked by a deluge of reports, that a flood of people were on the Pegasus list of ‘Persons of Interest’ without any evidence whosoever on what was found, or not found, and whether it had any effect on the political or safety climate of India. Some even considered it an honour to be on the List!

However, with the mystery and the secrecy involved, this will be a very hard nut to crack unless we hunt down another offspring of Poseidon to ‘talk to and infect Pegasus’, or should we, at all?

Amazon adds Space

This week, Amazon founder, Billionaire Jeff Bezos, flying on the generous bounty of Amazon Staff and Buyers, lifted off in his Blue Origin, New Shepard Space Craft to Space. He was keeping one eye on the Virgin trail left by fellow Billionaire, Sir Richard Branson, who did a similar feat in the week gone by. He was accompanied by his brother, Mark Bezos, an 82 years old Space Race pioneer, Wally Funk, and an 18 years old student, Oliver Daemen. The flight lasted 10 minutes and 10 seconds.

Two minutes into the flight, the capsule carrying the Space travellers, separated from its rocket – at a height of about 76 km-continued its upwards trajectory towards the Karman Line, crossed it – going up to about 106 km – and curved back to achieve a safe, parachuted landing on the West Texas Desert floor in the United States. Jeff Bezos stepped out wearing a Texas Cowboy hat, and I almost expected him to grab a horse, hit the trail, and ride into Town. Meanwhile, unnoticed, the launch vehicle-booster return-landed at about 3 km away from the launch pad.

Looks awfully easy. Maybe there is a message out there that the Earth is unsafe and we better start flying up to grab a better place to settle…and escape the ‘water spills of Earth? Overall, the signal I get is we all need to lift ourselves (with or without rockets). Let’s say, move up in life.

The Olympics

The COVID-19 pandemic stumped and badly bruised Tokyo Olympics 2020, rescheduled to start on 23 July 2021, is itself a testimony to the spirit of sport, having weathered a great deal to get the Games started. I salute the persistence of the Organisers and Japan for leaving no stone unturned – as they say – to get the Games going.

The easiest and the most sensible way to face the pandemic would be to just cancel the Olympic Games. And it requires mind-boggling effort to carry on with the COVID-19 prevention protocols. On our part, we should encourage a safe Olympics, pressuring infected Athletes to quarantine and go home, and the others to blossom. Support our teams remotely, watching on Television or any other physically-distanced media.

Finally, this Friday, the Tokyo Olympics was officially declared open by Japan’s Emperor Naruhito. Japanese tennis star Naomi Osaka lit the Olympic cauldron to mark the formal start of Tokyo Olympics 2020. The opening ceremony took place in an almost empty Stadium, witnessed by about 1000 spectators, without the glitz and glam normally associated with such ceremonies. It was celebrated as a moment of global hope – we need every ounce of it to make the Games a success.

Citius, Altius, Fortius.

Please Yourself

Over the past year I went to war with the Vikings, fought to save The Last Kingdom, Resurrected myself with Ertugrul, played the Queen’s Gambit, and went on to wear The Crown. In the process, my body received a pounding, and the wounds of battle were hurting. It’s then, I decided to see ‘The Good Doctor’ on Netflix. It’s been great healing ever since. And I’m fighting fit again.

The Good Doctor is an American Television Series, about Dr. Shaun Murphy, a young autistic, savant, surgical resident at the fictional San Jose St. Bonaventure Hospital, California. Dr. Shaun’s brilliant savant abilities include near-photographic recall and the ability to note minute details and changes. It’s about how he finds acceptance in the Hospital and goes on to contribute to life-saving decisions and surgeries…and making wonderful friends on the way. I was inspired.

More savant stories coming up in the weeks ahead. Stay inspired and keep your head above the water.

WORLD INTHAVAARAM, 2021-29

About: the world this week, 11th July to 17th July 2021 – a truly ‘incredible’ week. Read on to find out how ‘incredible’!

Everywhere

The Netherlands

Last week I wrote about the assassination attempt on prominent Dutch Crime Reporter-Journalist, and TV Presenter, Peter R de Vries, 64, who was shot, minutes after leaving a TV studio, in a Central Amsterdam Street. Five shots were fired at close range and he was hit in the head. Over the past week, he was struggling for his life in Hospital and this week the fight came to an end – he died due to injuries of the shooting.

Since 2019, Peter de Vries was on the hit list of the Netherlands’ most wanted criminal. Police now need to hunt down the killers and make the most wanted, not wanted any longer.

His family said that Peter lived by his conviction, ‘On bended knee is no way to be free’.

Truth-Unravelers are always on the cross-hairs of those wanting to stay hidden forever. And it’s a dangerous life they live.

America Quits Af’gone’istan

United States (US) President Joe Biden has decided that 31st August 2021 will be the end date for the nearly 20 years war in Afghanistan, days earlier than his original 11th September deadline. The US put boots on the ground after the 9/11 attacks in the US, to end the rule of the deadly Taliban and take down the terrorist Al-Qaeda Organization.

Later, the US along with the North Atlantic Treat Organization (NATO) Allies facilitated setting-up an Afghan Government leading to adopting of a new Constitution, Presidential, and Parliamentary Elections – happening in Afghanistan after at least 30 years. But America’s longest war has claimed the lives of more than 2300 US troops and about 35000 Afghan civilians.

President Biden said, ‘The US cannot sacrifice any more American lives in an un-winnable war. We did not go to Afghanistan to nation-build. And it’s the right and the responsibility of the Afghan people alone to decide their future and how they want to run their country’. I couldn’t agree more. Fighting another Country’s dirty war has never been easy. You set your own targets and move on. What, with Osama Bin Laden finished-off (in Pakistan) and Al-Qaeda ‘reasonably contained’ long ago – that’s victory enough to celebrate.

The US definitely did its best. Together, with the NATO Allies, the US had trained and equipped near about 300,000 military personnel-of the Afghan National Security Force and hundreds of thousands of Afghan National Defense and Security Forces over the last two decades. It ’s now over to them to engage in battle with the Taliban and force an outcome on the seemingly endless, fruitless war.

However, with the official Afghan Security Forces failing to quickly fill the vacuum created by the US Troops withdrawals, the Taliban got sucked-in and began capturing vast swathes of territory. And enforcing its archaic rules and hard-line Islamic Laws. Looks like Afghanistan is going back to where it was twenty years ago.

India has temporarily pulled out its staff from its Consulate in Kandahar, Afghanistan, in the wake of intense fighting near the city.

In other heartbreaking news, Reuters photo-journalist Danish Siddiqui was killed on Friday, caught in a crossfire, while covering a clash between Afghan Security Forces and the Taliban near a border crossing with Pakistan.

Siddiqui was part of the Reuters photography team to win the 2018 Pulitzer Prize of Feature Photography for documenting the Rohingya Refugee Crisis. It was a series described by the judges as ‘shocking photographs that exposed the world to the violence Rohingya refugees faced in fleeing Myanmar’. RIP Danish Siddiqui.

It may be a long struggle, but I wish the Afghans are able to grow the muscle to fight-off the Taliban and gain the confidence to build themselves a strong, developed country.

Cuba

Cuba was discovered by Christoper Columbus in October 1492: he found himself on the Island while searching for ‘that famous route’ to India. Cuba then came under Spanish rule and served as a staging ground for the exploration of the nearby North American mainland. In 1898, the United States having grown in to a powerful nation, defeated Spain, which gave up all claims to Cuba, ceding the Island to the US. Thereafter it was ruled by US popped-up Governments.

In a fiery revolution in 1959, Fidel Castro led a 9000 strong guerrilla army into the Cuban capital of Havana and seized power, nationalising all American businesses in Cuba.

In 1961 Castro proclaimed Cuba a Communist State allying with the then USSR, following the disastrous, abortive US sponsored invasion by Cuban Exiles, in the Bay of Pigs Incident. The US went on to break off all diplomatic ties with Cuba.

There was also the much-talked about Cuban Missile Crisis, when Castro agreed to allow USSR to deploy Nuclear Missiles on the island (obviously targeting the US) but was subsequently resolved, with the USSR removing the missiles in exchange for the US secretly withdrawing its nuclear missiles in Turkey and agreeing not to invade Cuba. That is touted as one of President John F Kennedy’s (JFK) famous acts of adroit leadership.

Ever since, Cubans have been living under a communist government.

Nearly one million people emigrated to the US, leaving the island and its troubles behind. Those who have stayed have dealt with oppression and economic instability, driven in part by US sanctions.

In 2016, President Obama became the first sitting US President to visit Cuba in 88 years. And called on Congress to lift the embargo put in place by JFK. He began gradually dismantling years of sanctions. And eased travel restrictions for Americans, bringing economic opportunity to the island. But in 2017, President Donald Trump stepped-in and undid the changes.

The pandemic’s impact on tourism has added pressure to the already fragile economy. And the country’s been seeing food and medicine shortages as well as rising inflation, which could reach about 500% this year.

Last weekend and earlier this week, thousands of Cubans took to the streets across the island nation, in frustration, to protest chronic shortages of basic goods; curbs on civil liberties; and the government’s handling of a worsening coronavirus outbreak, marking the most significant unrest in decades. They also called for an end to the communist government. At least one person died during a clash between protesters and police. And over a hundred others have been arrested or reported missing.

Cuban President Miguel Diaz-Canel blamed the US Sanctions for the abysmal economic conditions in the country.

Earlier this week, President Biden said he stands with the Cuban protesters. But many want him to do more. We need to watch this space.

Space Edge

We have coolly travelled hundreds of kilometres(km) horizontally on Earth so often that a distance of 80 to 100km is ‘no big deal’. Many do it every day, on work or other kinds of travel, which should take a couple of hours to cover that kind of distance on land. But then, look up straight into the sky and say ‘Space’. They say a vertical distance of 80 km or more is the beginning of the edge of Space- a boundary we see all the time but cannot draw a line to.

It’s been difficult to pin the edge of Space at a particular altitude. In the 1900’s Hungarian Physicist Theodore Von Karman determined the boundary to be around 80 km above sea level in what is called the Karman Line. Today the Karman line is set at an imaginary boundary roughly 100 km above sea level.

To get a better perspective, ‘using the space between your ears’, the International Space Station orbits around the Earth at a height of about 400 km above the Earth’s surface. And that is well and truly in Space.

How about testing that boundary, going to the edge of Space to see the voluptuous curves of the Earth?

No better person to do that than UK Billionaire, Entrepreneur, Sir Richard Branson, 70, founder of the Virgin Group of Companies, who did just that on 11th July 2021. Blasting off from the New Mexico Desert in the United States, he flew high above New Mexico in a vehicle named ‘Unity’ that his company, Virgin Galactic, has been developing for the last seventeen years.

Branson was accompanied by Unity’s two pilots, Dave Mackay and Michael Masucci, and three Galactic employees – Beth Moses, Colin Bennett and Sirisha Bandla.

Sirisha Bandla, an Aeronautical Engineer, and a woman of Indian origin, became an overnight sensation in the Indian Media, and some called her the second Indian woman to fly in to Space – after NASA’s Astronaut Kalpana Chawla (who died when the Columbia Space Shuttle crashed during re-entry into the Earth’s atmosphere in 2003).

The flight lasted just more than an hour and included roughly four minutes of weightlessness. Branson and the crew returned safely to hug Earth again, after about an hour after lifting-off.

Unity is a sub-orbital vehicle, which means it cannot achieve the velocity and altitude necessary to keep it up in Space to circle Planet Earth. It is designed to give its passengers stunning views at the top of its climb and allow them a few minutes to experience weightlessness.

Unity is first carried, by a much bigger rocket-powered aeroplane, to an altitude of about 15 km from where it is released. A rocket motor of Unity then ignites to blast the vehicle skyward. The maximum height achievable by Unity is about 90km. Passengers are allowed to unbuckle and float to a window for the sights.

Unity folds its tail-booms on descent to stabilise its fall before then gliding home.

Sunday’s flight is the first step in Virgin Galactic’s hopes to begin commercial spaceflights with private customers next year with a reported cost of about USD 250,000 per person for a journey to space. The company has already got the necessary approvals to fly passengers on future commercial flights to sub-orbital space.

Meanwhile, Amazon founder Jeff Bezos is waiting in the wings to do a similar stunt…A to Z and beyond? I’m sure the Google Brothers, the Facebook Founder, the Microsoft Founder…and others Founder are looking skywards to cross new boundaries and measure their own curves.

Football and Tennis

The finals of the Euro 2020 Football Tournament was held in England’s Wembley Stadium between Roberto Mancini’s Italy and Gareth Southgate’s England, both coming back from years of being bruised and booted out of winning an International Tournament – 55 years ago for England and 15 years ago for Italy.

England took the lead with a goal in the opening two minutes but Italy poked in an equaliser in the second half. The game played on to a goal-less extra-time period and as a consequence, into the murderous penalty shootouts. In the end, Italy beat England 3-2 to take the Euro 2020 Crown to Rome, and the hero of the game turned out to be Italian goal-keeper Gianluigi Donnarumma, who made two great saves. Once again it was a bleeding heartbreak for England, failing at the penalty shootouts.

Thereafter English fans went berserk unleashing hooliganism of the worst kind inside and around Wembley Stadium, London, followed by racial abuse of the players who failed in their penalty shots. England has blackened its reputation forever. Unacceptable behaviour. You win some and lose some – you win more in the Game by showing grace in defeat.

Argentina’s Football superstar Lionel Messi has often been pilloried for failing to be part of a Tournament-Winning Argentinian Team despite earning innumerable wins for the Football Clubs he played for. That finally came to and end with Argentina winning their first major title in 28 years last Saturday with Argentina beating Brazil 1-0 win to win the Copa America Cup. Messi picked up his first ever title in a blue-and-white shirt after more than a decade of club and individual honours. He also finished as the tournament’s joint top goalscorer with four goals and was elected joint best player along with Brazil’s Neymar.

In the Wimbledon Ladies Finals, Australian Ashleigh Barty beat Czech Republic’s Karolina Pliskova in a gruelling three-set match, 6-3, 6-7(4), 6-3 lasting near about two hours. The women’s finals has never gone so ‘incredibly’ deep since 2012. Long hailed as the player with the perfect game for grass, Barty held her ‘incredible’ nerve to take home the Trophy.

This is Barty’s maiden Wimbledon Title and fifty years since Evonne Goolagong became the first indigenous Australian to win the Wimbledon Title. She received the Trophy from the Duchess of Cambridge who came wearing a solid green dress, matching the colours of Wimbledon. That’s style!

I’ve tried to use as many ‘incredible’ words as I could, to match Barty’s ‘incredible-aced’ post-game interview during which she thanked her incredible team.

In the Men’s Finals, Novak Djokovic went on to win his sixth Wimbledon Crown, and a 20th Grand Slam beating Italy’s Matteo Berrettini in a four-set duel, which was pretty straight, after the first set was won by the runner-up.

Overall, there were some ‘incredible’ shots played throughout the Tournament that makes you want to get back to the grass, to eat the shots.

More revealing and ‘incredible’ stories coming up in the weeks ahead. And by the way, Richard Branson said flying to the edge of Space was an ‘incredible’ experience!

WORLD INTHAVAARAM, 2021-28

About: the world this week, 4th July to 10th July 2021, a wonderful cocktail of coronavirus, happily married-ever-after, spelling, killing, political, death of a tragedy king; and ball game-football and tennis-stories.

Everywhere

Cocktail

It’s July and we have climbed over half the mountain height of 2021. Many had to use Oxygen Cylinders to breathe, to reach this top.

It seems like just the other day, in early 2020, when we first learnt to wear nose & mouth covering face masks-while some specialised in wearing stylish chin masks – wash our hands endlessly, and keep a measured physical distance from one another. The hugs and kisses shrank to ‘cave levels’. And we invented a new form of cave living called ‘Lockdown’.

We then quickly got our outstanding brains to collaborate and challenged the SARS-CoV-2 induced COVID-19 pandemic with brilliant Vaccines in double quick time. Pfizer, Moderna, Sinopharm, Astra Zeneca-Covishield, Covaxin, Sputnik V, Johnson & Johnson… became household names. And suddenly, we all became Google Doctors: never knew being a Medical Doctor was so easy!

When we thought it was almost over, there appeared fresh kids on the block: Waves-we called them. The first outbreak became the first Wave, then the Second Wave…and now we are living in various stages of Waves. Some just cannot figure out which Wave, though!

Then came the Coronavirus Variants furiously mutating to hijack the next available Greek Alphabet: Alpha, Beta, Gamma, and now the Delta Variant is the most famous of them all, while other Alphabets are struggling on the sidelines to get noticed. The latest is that the Lambda Variant, at the WHO ‘Variant of Interest’ level, is ‘coming soon’. I hope we don’t run out of Alphabets…and Vaccines.

Never mind the Greeks, and the pandemic, I would love to move on to dance with former US President Jimmy Carter, 96, and former First Lady Rosalynn Carter, 93 who ringed in 75 years of rock-solid marriage. Is peanut farming, and all that came with it, the root of their enduring marriage? When Jimmy Carter left the Presidential White House in 1981, he was 56 years old and deep in debt. Forced to sell his Peanut Farm Business, Carter started writing books to generate income. He has published more than 30 books from a children’s book to reflections on his presidency. Maybe a Titanic Jim-Rose love-story is in the works.

There is support coming for Jimmy Carter’s writing:Zaila Avant-garde, a teenage basketball prodigy has become the first African American to win the US Scripps National Spelling Bee. The 14 years old from New Orleans, Louisiana, spelled her way to victory with the word ‘murraya’, a type of tropical tree. To get to that stage she had to spell out ‘querimonious’ (given to complaint) and ‘solidungulate’ (having a single undivided hoof on each foot, as in a Horse). The home-schooled girl said, “For spelling, I usually try to do about 13,000 words, and that usually takes about seven hours”. Despite practising for so many hours a day, she describes spelling as a side hobby. Zaila’s main focus is on becoming a basketball pro. I’m sure she can spell basketball!

Assassinations are back with a bang. Haiti’s President Jovenel Moise, who took office in 2017, was killed during an attack on his private residence early on Wednesday. The attackers, believed to be mercenaries, stormed Moise’s home at around midnight and fatally wounded him. The first lady, Martine Moise, was also shot and quickly evacuated to a hospital in Miami, USA, for treatment. Haitian Police have detained two suspects and killed four others-all foreigners-connected to the assassination. The country has been reeling from violence for weeks and the acting Prime Minister, Claude Joseph, declared a ‘state of siege’.

Haiti’s President of the Supreme Court would normally be next in line, but he recently died of Covid-19. The acting Prime Minister Joseph has to be approved by Haiti’s parliament for him to formally replace the slain President. But without recent elections, the Haitian Parliament is effectively defunct. Throughout his presidency, Moise had repeatedly failed to hold elections at local and national levels, leaving much of the country’s governing infrastructure empty. Haiti is one of the poorest countries in the world. And natural disasters like the 2010 earthquake have only worsened the situation. An estimated 60% of Haiti’s eleven million citizens live below the poverty line.

In another assassination-an attempt-prominent Dutch Crime Reporter-Journalist, and TV Presenter, Peter R de Vries, 64, was shot up to five times in a Central Amsterdam street on Tuesday and is fighting for his life in Hospital. He is famous in the Netherlands for exposing notorious criminals and speaking on behalf of crime victims. The attack has sent shockwaves through Dutch society, which has for years watched De Vries on Television, handling-and solving-notable cases, including some of the most illustrious judicial errors in Dutch crime history.

Even before these assassinations, Hackers went on the prowl. And Russian-linked hackers, attacked software provider Kaseya, affecting thousands of businesses in at least 17 countries. They impacted everything from grocery stores to schools. It could be the biggest global ransomware attack ever recorded. The group, which goes by REvil, is known for hacking Brazil based, American meat processor JBS (Jose Batista Sobrinho) back in May- and bleeding the company of USD 11 million. Now, it’s demanding USD 70 million from Kaseya.

Meanwhile, faraway in Space, USA’s NASA, keep flying Ingenuity, which made its ninth successful flight on Mars on Monday, when it remained in the Martian air for about 166 seconds and flew as fast as 5 meters per second.

In another part of Space, nearer Earth, China started space-walking its Taikonauts, outside its work-in-progress Space Station.

Back on Earth, India’s Prime Minister decided that cooperation was lacking in the country and started a brand-new ministry called ‘Ministry of Cooperation’ primarily to kick-off the Cooperative sector, best exemplified by the ‘utterly, butterly, delicious’, taste of India, Amul kind. His Ministers called it visionary: on our part, we need to taste the results to decide. Having bought the butter, the PM went on to re-slice his Cabinet bringing-in fresh faces, rewarding performers with better ‘butter’ positions, and sacking those who slipped on the butter, through the past years. It was a massive shake-up, bold and beautiful, with old-on-old-heads, old-on-young heads, and brilliant degrees-graduate, masters, doctorates… making the grade. Stirred & shaken, India should do ‘butter-well’ in the upcoming days, weeks, months, and years.

Yesteryears ace Indian Actor, Dilip Kumar (born as Mohammed Yusuf Khan) – The ‘Tragedy King’ of Hindi Cinema- gave-up his last breath this Thursday at the ripe age of 98. He is best remembered for the epic roles in the dramatic Devdas (1955) and the historical Mughal-e-Azam (1960). Dilip Kumar is considered one of the greatest actors in the history of Hindi cinema, holding the Guinness World Record for winning the maximum number of awards by an Indian actor. In total, he acted in 65 films over a period of 50 years. With his low-key, naturalistic acting style, he excelled in a wide range of roles augmented by his good looks, deep voice, and superb accent.

Dilip Kumar was romantically linked with famous Indian actress, the Venus of Indian Cinema, Madhubala, for over seven years until they broke-up. Madhubala went on to marry playback singer and Actor Kishore Kumar until her death at age 36, when illness related to a congenital heart disease took her away too soon and broke many an Indian heart.

Dilip Kumar then fell deeply in love with Actress Saira Banu, who was 22 years younger than him, and married her in 1966. The couple did not have children. And lost what could have been a son, in the eight month of a pregnancy, in 1972. Dilip Kumar later married Hyderabad socialite Asma Sahiba, taking her as a second wife in 1981. That marriage ended in January 1983. But he always had Saira Banu with him… till the last.

Over the past weeks Dilip Kumar had been in and out of Hospitals, and he must have seen this coming. RIP Dilip Kumar.

Ball Games

The Sporting World was kicking-up to Open Stadiums without spectators or space-out ones. The Euro 2020 Football Tournament saw some real kicking around and Italy has reached the finals. England beat Denmark, also to reach the finals, which is their first major final in 55 years. It’s an Italy- England showdown on Sunday, 11 July 2021. Time to take sides and cheer your team.

The Wimbledon Tennis Tournament is coming to a close and Swiss Legend Roger Federer,39, got mauled by world No 18, the 24 years old Polish Hubert Hurkacz, who played fluent tennis to win 6-4, 7-6, 6-0 in the quarter-finals. Roger exited quickly and gracefully, waving to the crowd on his way out of the stage where he acted many a winning game – but not this time. Will we see him again at Wimbledon? Au revoir?

Later, Hurkacz was felled in the semi-finals by Italy’s Matteo Berretini who is the first to reach the Wimbledon Gentlemen’s Finals. Berretini plays Serbia’s Novak Djokovic who on Friday funnelled-out Canada’s Denis Shapovalov in the other semi-finals. Djokovic remains on course for a sixth Wimbledon Crown, and a 20th Grand Slam Title to go level with Roger Federer and Rafael Nadal.

Coincidentally, it’s Italy’s ‘ball-run of the year’ reaching the finals of major Tournaments in Tennis and Football, both of which are being played on Sunday, 11 July 2021. It’s going to be a hard-working Sunday for many of us fans. What with our legs on a football and the hands on a tennis racquet (and the TV remote, and a glass of…).

While the great oldies battled the grass to try to whack that ball consistently over the net, without forgetting the drawn boundaries, 18 years old Emma Raducanu who entered the Tournament on a wildcard saw the tennis balls as big as footballs, in a dream run.

Ranked 336th in the world, and rated only the 10th best female player in the country, Raducanu became the youngest British woman to reach the fourth round at Wimbledon in more than 50 years, after beating the experienced, in-form Romanian Sorana Cirstea.

Emma Raducanu was born in Toronto and moved to the United Kingdom when she was two years old. Her parents are from Romania and China respectively. Two months ago, Raducanu was sitting her final A-levels, in economics and maths, at a grammar school in South London. She speaks Mandarin, but said in English, ‘I’m just trying to stay here as long as possible’.

The long was cut-short in the next match when Emma sadly lost the match to Australia’s Ajla Tomljanovic, when she was forced to retire after suffering from breathing problems, while trailing 6-4, 3-0.

Ajla Tomljaovic went on to lose to fellow Australian Ashleigh Barty in the quarter-finals, who keep her own breath to meet Czech Republic’s Karolina Pliskova in the Finals clash, happening this Saturday.

Emma Raducanu has left us gasping for breath. Must have been a terrible time retiring hurt after getting this far. I hope she comes out stronger and ‘wilder’ in her next Tournament.

And, of course, I would love to see Roger Federer play again.

More stronger, breathing stories coming up in the weeks ahead.

WORLD INTHAVAARAM, 2021-27

About: the world this week, 27th June to 3rd July 2021. A new branch pops-up in the tree of human origin; the Heat Dome of Canada; a brief fighting history of India; and other stories.

Everywhere

Origin of Mankind: Enter the Dragon Man

Planet Earth came in being about 4.5 billion years ago as an outcome of the Big-Bang-which itself happened over 13.5 billion years ago-when matter and energy that had formed, later coalesced into atoms and molecules. And the first living organisms on Earth appeared about 3.8 billion years ago.

At the moment, we know that the first humans-hominids-evolved from a genus called Australopithecus Africanus (Southern Ape of Africa) in Africa about 2.5 million years ago, originating from a common Ape ancestor. We modern humans, technically called Homo Sapiens, belong to the family of the Great Apes.

Aahuaaa uaaa uaaaaaaaa, Tarzan of the Apes, said it all along!

I was awfully good in Biology at school and here is a big chance to dig into my school-day basics and show it off: A Species consists of animals of a kind, which can mate with one another and give birth to fertile offspring, e.g., Lions are of the species Leo; Genus/Genera is a bunch of Species all of which evolved from one common Ancestor, e.g., Lions-Panthera Leo, Tigers-Panthera Tigris, are different species under the Genus Panthera; Genera, in turn, are grouped together into Families. E.g., the Family of cats consists of lions (and tigers) – Panthera, cheetahs – Acinonyx, and domestic cats – Felis. And members of a Family can trace their lineage to a single matriarch or patriarch. There you have it: Species-Genus-Family.

The first primitive humans moved ‘Out of Africa’ to settle in various parts of the world-in search of food and better living conditions-and thereafter, over millions of years, evolved into distinct species. It wasn’t one human species that evolved in a linear manner, rather there were several species of humans that co-existed at the same time. We’ve read about Homo Neanderthalensis, Homo Rudolfensis, Homo Ergaster, Homo Heidelbergensis, Home Erectus, Home Denisova, Homo Floresiensis, Home Soloensis, Homo Luzonensis, Homo Habilis, Homo Naledi, etc.

Keep in mind Homo is the genus, and Sapiens, Neanderthal, etc., is the species.

The truth is that certain species overlapped one another, like Homo Sapiens lived alongside Homo Neanderthals and Home Erectus. Maybe we interbred with them. Whatever, after about 13,000 years all other Human Species went into extinction leaving Homo Sapiens as the only surviving, dominant human species. Here we are, in all our two-legged, upright, brainy glory.

How do we know this? Some of our ancestors left autographs-that are well represented in the fossil records-but most of what we know about, say, Neanderthals and Denisovans comes from genetic information in our DNA. And Scientists all over the world have been digging into Planet Earth like crazy to piece together the complicated zig-saw puzzle of how we came into being the shape and size we are today.

Last week, Scientists confirmed that a more than a 140,000 years old skull found in Harbin, in North-Eastern China belongs to a new ancient species of humans called Homo Longi and have nicknamed it ‘Dragon Man’. It is estimated that the skull belonged to a man, who was about 50 years old when he died, and lived between 138,000 and 309,000 years ago.

The Harbin Skull was discovered in 1933 by a Chinese man, when a bridge was being built over the River Songhua in Harbin, China. At the time, that part of China was under Japanese occupation, and the man who found it took it home and stored it for safekeeping by burying it at the bottom of an abandoned well. After the war, the man returned to farming, during a cataclysmic time in Chinese history, and never re-excavated his treasure. The skull remained unknown to science for decades.

Then the third generation of the man’s family learnt about the secret discovery before his death and recovered the fossil from the well in 2018. The family donated the find to the Geoscience Museum of Hebei, GEO University, China, where Researchers have been studying it for the past three years.

This discovery is the latest addition to a human family tree that is rapidly growing and shifting due to new fossil finds and analysis of ancient DNA preserved in teeth, bones and cave dirt.

Meanwhile, on another dig, in Israel, an international group of archaeologists have discovered, in an excavation site in Nesher Ramla, Israel, what they claim, is a missing piece in the story of human evolution. They recovered a skull thought to represent a distinct human population, which lived in and around modern-day Israel from about 420,000 to 120,000 years ago. The analysis of the skull established that it wasn’t fully Homo Sapiens nor was it Neanderthal, which was the only other type of human thought to have been living in the region at that time.

Instead, the skull to which this person belonged, falls right in the middle: a unique population of Homo never before recognised by science.This human community is believed to have traded both their culture and genes with nearby Homo Sapiens groups for thousands of years.

The mysterious Nesher Ramla Homo may even represent our most recent common ancestor with Neanderthals. Its mix of traits supports genetic evidence that early gene flow between Homo Sapiens and Neanderthals occurred between 400,000 and 200,000 years ago. In other words, that interbreeding between the different Homo populations was more common than previously thought.

We need to keep up the digging, until we learn more about ourselves. And watch that DNA!

A Building Collapse in the USA raises Dust

Last week, a section of a 12-storey Condominium, Champlain Towers, collapsed in Surfside, a town near Miami, Florida, USA, leaving at least twenty people dead. So far, over thirty-seven people have been rescued and about 145 are still missing. Rescue crews continued to search for survivors amid fire and smoke.

The disaster, which destroyed 55 of the 136 apartments, may turn out to be the deadliest building collapse in America in 20 years. Champlain Towers opened its doors in 1981.

There seems to be no evidence of foul play that led to the collapse. Maybe the building wasn’t built exactly to code? Or, perhaps to keep running costs down critical maintenance and upkeep was thrown into the sea?

The cause of the collapse is still unknown. Some experts believe a column or concrete slab gave way below the pool deck, taking the rest of the building down with it. In 2018, an engineering report found ‘major structural damages’ to the building. And urged the building managers to fix the ‘abundant cracking’ found in columns, beams, and walls of the parking garage below the pool deck. Some reported damage was likely due to corrosion from consistent water leaks and years of salty air along the coastline.

Nowhere is Safe: The Heat Dome

Over the past week Canada has been heated-up by an unprecedented heatwave that has melted all previous temperature records.

On this week’s Tuesday, Canada recorded its highest ever temperature for a third straight day of 49.5 Centigrade (C) in Lytton, British Columbia. And temperatures in Canada had never crossed 45C.

The heat is believed to have been a contributing factor in the deaths of sixty-nine people in the Vancouver suburbs of Burnaby and Surrey. Most were elderly or had underlying health conditions.

I have a friend, a criminal lawyer, from Tiruchirapalli, Tamilnadu, India, who flew to Vancouver to legally visit his daughter- spread the warmth-just before India’s second wave of the pandemic. And he says Vancouver has outdone and murdered the heat in Tiruchi – known for its boiler temperatures.

One explanation is that the heatwave was caused by two pressure systems, the first coming from the Aleutian Islands in Alaska, and the second from James Bay and Hudson Bay in Canada. The Pacific North-West got caught in a region where a series of feedbacks set up these very hot temperatures with very little cloud cover and very warm temperatures at night. And these types of extreme hot weather events are being exacerbated by global warming. Warming is too mild a term, I would use heating, to put the temperature in perspective.

The heatwave is being described as a ‘Heat Dome’ (no relation of Israel’s Iron Dome). The term refers to the idea that this type of warmth extends high into the atmosphere and isn’t just a thin layer, and that it can have an impact on pressure and wind patterns. The Heat Dome showing-up acting in the Pacific North-West has served to essentially shut off the flow of cool marine air off the Pacific into the land area.

How unusual is the Heat Dome? Similar events did not happen that often and take place every one to three decades.

Clever Climate Scientists have got into a Research Dome of their own and declared, ‘Nowhere is safe’.

India Outclasses the USA

The World leader in COVID-19 Vaccination doses done is China with over 1.24 billion doses in the year of celebrating 100 years of the Communist Party. The next spot was held by the United States of America, until India overtook it this week with over 340 million doses administered.

All over the world, more than 3.1 billion doses have been administered across 180 countries at rate rate of about 41.9 million doses a day.

Continuing the dig into our history, some Researches have found that there was a kind of devastating coronavirus around while we still living in the caves!

Teeth, Heads… and some Muscle.

In other news not related to the COVID-19 pandemic: China’s President Xi Jinping said China will ‘Bash the Heads’ of anyone who tries to bully or influence China, Russia’s President, Vladimir Putin, said Russia will ‘Knock Out the Teeth’ of anyone who tries to attack Russia.

Better start wearing Helmets, all the time – with that mask tightly tucked inside, courtesy China.

Meanwhile, India too showed some muscle-has been growing it in recent times. When the European Union (EU) Countries unfairly and unjustly refused to accept fully vaccinated- by Covishield and Covaxin- Indians into their countries, India returned the favour and said if you don’t accept our Vaccination Certificates we’ll place anybody from the EU on the mandatory quarantine period, irrespective of any EU Vaccination Certificates, when they enter India. You scratch my back, I scratch yours. Last heard, the EU was backing-out and approvals were coming in quickly.

Please Yourself

While the Tiruchi Lawyer friend of mine was getting baked in Canada, a Doctor friend, in very much cooler Attur, India, handed me a book to read, Tamil Historical Novel, ‘Vanthargal… Vendrarkal’ (They came… they conquered) written by Tamil Journalist and Writer Madhan. After a hesitant start I became fascinated with the early History of India beginning from the time of Mohammad of Ghazni, in the years after CE (Common Era) 1000. I’ve just started attacking the book, but here are some learnings.

India had natural borders at its head, with the mighty Himalayas lording over the North and the then always-in-spate River Indus in the West drawing a neat meandering line. Peninsular India had the great Oceans watching over it in the South, while the River Brahamaputra guarded the East.

Despite being endowed with such natural boundary walls the great civilisation that was India crumbled under the brutal, ceaseless onslaught of invaders such as, The Afghans, The Turks, The Persians, The Mongols, The Mughals…who came either to pillage its wealth or establish their Kingdoms.

Invaders found chinks in India’s natural armour, which they exploited to the bone – time and again. They ‘walked-into’ India multiple times through the Khyber pass and the Gomal Pass, which Indian Kings did not bother to join-together to seal off. Or maybe build a Fort-Gate to block entry.

Despite India having fantastic warriors, brilliant individual fighters, superhuman heroes, backed-up by a great thriving civilisation, it failed to stop the ceaseless invasions only because India failed to stay united and collaborate in unison against an invading army. In the few times they joined together they made pulp of the invaders, but then these instances were rare and absolutely short-lived. And the Kings would go back to their old ways of ‘showing -off, pleasure warfare’ and infighting.

To give an example, if only the great King Prithviraj Chauhan had joined hands with his father-in-law King Jayachandra and both supported each other, the History of India would have been completely different.

Prithviraj cleverly and bravely stole King Jayachandran’s daughter, Samyuktha, from under his very eyes creating that life-long famous rivalry between them (King Jayachandran drowned himself in humiliation and seethed with revenge until the end) Could the King have got a better Braveheart than Prithviraj for his Princess daughter?

When it was most needed, the father-in-law, King Jayachandran, never offered his ample resources and army to his son-in-law. And Prithviraj never asked.

Mohammad Ghori who invaded India, after Mohammad of Ghazni, used this division and bitter rivalry to his advantage to win a second time, after being throughly whacked in the first battle by Prithviraj, who had magically weaved together the many small Indian Kingdoms to join the fight. While Prithviraj was ‘kind enough’ to allow Mohammad Ghori to escape – and return with a bigger army, Mohammad Ghori had Prithviraj promptly beheaded when he defeated and captured him.

Indian Rulers and Kings fought with mind-boggling bravery, but under the guise of ‘war dharma’ and ‘large-heartedness’ they often let-off captured invaders easily. They considered battles as a show-post of individual bravery and a pastime, limiting themselves to self-protection and self-preservation. While India’s troops were often divided by caste divisions, the invaders were united by religion.

Another reason is Indian Kings failed to raise and breed high-stock horses for battles, instead depending on Arabian Horses, in addition to their own. The Afghan horses were superb riding beasts and were no match to those used by Indian Kings.

Riding to the present, just look around, and you can see the mirror of the past – people endlessly fighting each other, wallowing in petty rivalries: so many examples in our daily lives -within families, within Governments; State versus the Centre, North versus South, Aryan versus Dravidian… Remember where we came from?

Those who do not learn from history are doomed to repeat it.

More brave stories coming up in the weeks ahead. Stay together, collaborate, agree to agree, or agree to disagree, but stay united working to a common purpose of improving the lives of Homo Sapiens, on Earth and beyond.